Mineral oils (medium- and low-viscosity) comprise a subgroup of the family of mineral oils and waxes. They are manufactured from crude mineral oils in various refining steps, such as distillation, extraction and crystallization, and are subsequently purified by acid treatment (oleum method) and/or hydrotreatment (catalytic hydrogenation). Mineral oils (medium- and low-viscosity) are mixtures of highly refined paraffinic and naphthenic liquid hydrocarbons with boiling-points greater than 200 °C.
همانطور که می دانید ویسکوزیته یا گرانروی مایعات در دماهای مختلف فرق می کند. در جدول زیر گرانروی مینرال اویل های مختلف در دمای 100 درجه سانتیگراد نشان داده شده است.
In order to define the materials more clearly, the Committee at its forty-fourth meeting prepared individual specifications for micro-crystalline wax and for two groups of mineral oils: mineral oils (high-viscosity) and mineral oils (medium- and low-viscosity). The latter group was furthermore divided into three classes. For the purpose of characterization of the different types of oils and waxes, the criteria viscosity, average relative molecular mass and carbon number at 5% distillation-point were used in the specifications.
Table 1. Classification of mineral hydrocarbons
Name |
ADI |
Viscosity at |
Average relative molecular mass |
Carbon number at 5% distillation-point |
Microcrystalline wax |
0–20a,b |
>11 |
>500 |
>25 |
High-melting-point wax |
Not included in present studies |
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Low-melting-point wax |
Withdrawnc |
No JECFA specification |
||
Low-melting-point wax |
3.3 |
380 |
22 |
|
Mineral oil (high viscosity) |
0–20a |
> 11 |
> 500 |
>28 |
P100 |
11 |
520 |
29 |
|
Mineral oil (medium and low viscosity) |
0–10d |
8.5–11 |
480–500 |
>25 |
class I |
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P70 |
9.0 |
480 |
27 |
|
Medium-viscosity liquid petroleum |
8.7 |
480 |
25 |
|
P70(H) |
8.6 |
480 |
27 |
|
Mineral oil (medium and low viscosity) |
0–0.01e |
7.0–8.5 |
400–480 |
>22 |
class II |
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N70(H) |
7.7 |
420 |
23 |
|
Mineral oil (medium and low viscosity) |
0–0.01e |
3.0–7.0 |
300–400 |
>17 |
class III |
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P15(H) |
3.5 |
350 |
17 |
|
N15(H) |
3.5 |
330 |
17 |
|
P100 oil, crude: paraffinic, viscosity (40 °C): 100 mm2/s | |
P70 oil, crude: paraffinic, viscosity (40 °C): 70 mm2/s | |
P70(H) oil, crude: paraffinic, viscosity (40 °C): 70 mm2/s, hydrotreated (catalytic hydrogenation) | |
N70(H) oil, crude: naphthenic, viscosity (40 °C): 70 mm2/s, hydrotreated (catalytic hydrogenation | |
P15(H) oil, crude: paraffinic, viscosity (40 °C): 15 mm2/s, hydrotreated (catalytic hydrogenation | |
|
N15(H) oil, crude: naphthenic, viscosity (40 °C): 15 mm2/s, hydrotreated (catalytic hydrogenation)
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